on peace n nonviolence

Boserup and Mack (1974: 37-54), grouped nonviolent actions into: (1) symbolic actions, (2) denial activities, and (3) undermining activities. 

Symbolic activities are those aimed at providing the psychological basis for the resistance, giving emphasis on (a) demonstrating the unity and strength of the resistance, both to its exponents and opponents, and (b) delimiting the resistance group, and therefore forcing other parties to take a stand, either for or against. 

Denial activities are those aiming on preventing the opponent from achieving his or her initial objectives, conducted through (a) physical obstruction and sabotage, and/or (b) non cooperation. 

Undermining activities aim at undermining the opponent’s ability to continue the fight – splitting and weakening the opponent.  They focus on (a) seeking for the opponent’s conversion, (b) appealing to the opponent’s conscience, (c) splitting the opponent’s home front, and/or (d) mobilising international support. 

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